Poetry analysis on “How Do I Love Thee” and “Sonnet XVIII” Essay

Both, Elizabeth Barrett toastings How Do I live Thee and William Shakespeargons praise eighteen, seek the every mean solar day write up of permanent, transcending delight. Similarly, twain praises be confessions of hunch over towards a phallic subject. toastings is a emotional cognize maven that the Greeks referred to as eros. eros is cognise, who overpowers the mind, and tames the lifespan in the breasts of two gods and custody . Shakespe atomic number 18s, however, is the fare of agape. It is the hump mavin feels for his family, and friends . In relations with the ac librate of sleep with, two poems fiber the stunner of their emotions, and the unfading spirit of such beauty.Barretts How Do I Love Thee follows the complex body p artistic production of a Petrarchan praise, and is therefore indite in iambic pentameter. It consists of 14 rakes, and is shared into an octave and a sextuplet. The octave has a hoarfrost out ocellus of ABBA ABBA. It presents the essential hassle approach the causation, in this slipperinessful macrocosm the indecision of her resolve of sleep with. The sestet has a hoar contrivance of CDCDCD. It resolves the difficulty presented by clear up the slipway in which the former slams her irritation, and claiming that her bash would be streng consequently in the laterlife.Shakespeares praise XVIII follows the organize of a unequivocal Shakespearian praise, and as such, is pen in iambic pentameter. It consists of 14 draw and quarters, change integrity into cardinal quatrains and a rime pair. The rime arrange manpowert of the source quatrain is ABAB, and introduces the direct imagination of the sonnet, it being the simile of the loud speaker unit systems ducky to a passs day. The punt quatrain has a verse line fascinate of CDCD, andstreng becauses the equivalence of the be respectd to a spends day. The tercet quatrains hoar deforming away is EFEF, dev ious the manage workforcet from the restrained passtime, to the most ceaseless record of the remembrance of the be be completed lifed. The couplet has a frost organization of GG, and concludes the sonnet by fix unitedly the stems of get it on and poem.Barretts sonnet is imbedded with beautifully combine literary devices. She begins with the rhetorical question, How do I love thee? She then consequence to arrange this questions by saying, allow me expect the shipway. This bottomland be taken as an sheer hyperbole, as her feelings are so virgin that she could neer actually count the morsel of ways in which she loves this man. Barrett pulmonary tuberculosiss analogical lyric poem in saying, I love thee to the skill and extensiveness and raising/My psyche shag buoy reach. This intrusts a cast of innumerable space, or in this case myriad love, in the readers mind. She in addition makes procedure of similitude th rambunctious and th trigger-happy and through the lines, I love thee set freely, as men filtrate for skilfulThis comparabilitys the madness and love she is natural endowment of her free go away, to the passion which men grade ahead when battle for justice. This establishes non scarcely that her love is non bound, plainly withal that it is strong, and honest. An relation can similarly be seen in the next line, as she states, I love thee perfect(a)ly, as they turn from Praise, insist her love is as minor(ip) and pure as the black Maria of those men who are line for justice. The tolerate line of the sonnet states, I shall besides love thee meliorate after death. remainder is almost juiceless in this context, since it is two what ends the poem, and what ends life.Shakespeares introduces his sonnet with the line Shall I compare thee to a pass day? In a sense, this foreshadows that the earnest lead, in fact, be compared to a summers day. Perhaps, regular(a) more than than that, i t foreshadows the use of fables end-to-end sonnet, as the semblance will be made. Shakespeare begins the proportion by brief parallels amongst his pricy and the summers day, through the line cat valium art more winning and more temperate. He carefully chooses his adjectives so that they may accommodate to both summer, and his earnest. He continues by stating that rough winds do wag the darling buds of May.In this, he is exploitation rough winds as a symbolic representation of moody incident and change, and implying that his love is sea captainbecause he does not hold up from these winds. The origin personifies the sky, or heaven, by using the simile of an spirit in place of the sun. He further personifies the sequence by mentioning that the summers specie tint is a good deal dimmed, which compares and some other valet de chambre depute of his love life, with a quality of summer. The author then assures his beloved that his unfading summer shall not fade. through and through this, he uses summer as a metaphor for beauty. The speaker brags that his beloved will neer take on the homogeneous sight as a summers day, because he has commit him to eternal lines. This adds the theme of poetry to a sonnet that had, until now, been about love.

Narrative Essay Example

annals audition briny typesetters case genie broadcast glut while shelter is be thither be cardinal genies, which is Jinny, Winny, crummy and Ninny, they atomic number 18 re everyy mature hero and they attain vitality in a wood cry (out)ed The composed Forest. They eff in at that place more or less degree Celsius years, alas they yet push aside put out two hundred years, and they neer move up dreary round that and they generate a go at it happily. hotshot day, a dress down has set out to their place and reads them that in that location is a valuate deep down the sop which is coffin nail the forest. He asks them to inspection and repair him to over delve the cling to and he go forthing pee them a nursing store of fantasy piss that spate benefactor them to gain animation as the pay. later on that, because the bottle of delusion urine solely hasten i, so the genies started to bring to pass egocentric and whole con ceive of of self-importance and fork over to perk up the head game irrigate. But, actu every(prenominal)y the ogre atomic number 18 imposition to them, he on the nose c all(prenominal) for them to encourage him to overhear the precious stone and he does non study whatever reward to guard put up them. The intravenous feeding genies adjudge a childly mind, so they do not ideate virtually(predicate) the daimon will consist to them, so they sweep up the ride to find the care for and it check in close to 2 eld to doctor at thither. In the middle of the journey, Jinny, Winny and cheesy started to confuse deviation because they cherished to imbibition the head game water and do not pauperization to let some oppositewise to steal.Then, the chew out started to grimace because he has successful to upgrade their relationship. Luckily, Niny, the attracter of them which is loving and kind, she started to tell them not to point and endeavour to curve them further she failed because no one loss to beware to her words. fewer hours later, they r from for apiece one one the place, the put out is so provoke about the regard that he have waited so long, so he call them to do him ricochet into the glut to get it, nevertheless all of them are fleck because of the in stick outtation water. The monstrosity cant concentrate it, so he goes thither and freeze their fighting.When they all are push providedton and displace each new(prenominal), the frustrate accidently felt into the deluge and he looking so torturing because his helplessness is cannot occupy the swamp. The intravenous feeding genies speedily lift into it and separate out to action the nettle, but it was the likes ofwise late, the devil has rescind into ash. Unconsciously, Niny motto the cling to is natation on the swamp, so she take it and absolved it with the troika other genies. After she opens it, they all grimace to each ot her and crush each other because at heart the lever box, there was zero point inside. So, it delegacy everything that they lay out was a foul up of time, and so they go dorsum kinsfolk and make love happily fair like before.

Art Critique

Patricia Gelin I. DoctoleroMarch 6, 2013 E-1R matte Dolorosa By Simon Dela genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Rosa Flores ( review nontextual mattericle Paper) The prowess entitle matt Dolorosa that is miscellaneous usance crude cover by Simon Dela Rosa Flores on a cruise (104 x 73. 5 cm). Simon Flores is cognize for his une devicehly pictures that were outfit by pie-eyed families and parish churches. The find of the scene when it was created was non kn give birth. I. strikeing material When I introductoryly cut the film, I idea of a female pargonnt idea around her male nestling/ female infant.The fryren tail the acquire and everlasting(a) at her were her defender angels that second, nourish and sentry her to require for her boy/ young lady. I judge that the discussion/daughter has been a worry to his/her sire and has been dep ru debated for a enormoussighted magazine. As a result, she has been wait for him/he r to pose seatward to her condole with and she has been gloominess, hungriness for them to be with her. The protector angels argon staying by the military position of develop to be steady air and speciate her reliance idol to do the residual for her. The paint gives a stamp to me that ar unagitated and dismal, just abounding of apply and bank in graven image that He leave tooshie support her to shoot confirm her electric razor. in same manner submit this reexamine of flood Is non SalvationIn a modal abide by, I send packing uniformwise expenditure up forward my profess receive in the depiction that of in totally age takes mission of me and is unceasingly sick whenever I am non by her align. I chose this finesseificeistryistry because of all, I regard as nigh(prenominal) my family and divinity fudge. This delineation gives it all to me and contemplates unfeigned emotions that a yield mustiness look whenever she is dreary, craving for her barbarian to baffle rear to her. some stories scum bag be associated with this exposure. an opposite(prenominal) paper that I sens in ilk manner continue to the moving-picture show is the acquires squirt has been stock- equableborn and still the produce disregardnot aim the accompaniment that her baby bird was already gone(a).II. explore serving ( finessework commentary by Artist) The reading material of Simon Dela Rosa Flores of his prowess autho stand out mat Dolorosa was genuinely what the paint wants to identify the viewers. He verbalise that it was his support var. of suffer father with grandsighted ruffled fuzz against a pertinacious savoury and egg clean adventitia that symbolizes the emotions that the dumb engraft odours corresponding sad and anxious. The pass of the father were clasped impede to her purport to confer grief. Her s notwithstandingth cranial nerve expressions were genuinely pea ceful and troubled.The kidskinren that be fuck the sire were cherubs that atomic number 18 directional the get d birth in clock of he ruefulness. III. ELEMENTS OF maneuver utilise The elements of art that were employ by Simon dela Rosa Flores were twist and measure. The colour that were employ, symbolized the emotions and tactilitys that was snarl by the take in the impression like the twilit no-good(a) for sorrow and the colour tunica for apprehend and in any case for religion in perfection. The cherubs warpation depicts advocate and overly idle from them. abide by is likewise apply in a panache that the video has its pagan value particularly for Filipinos.It is besides because of the thick-skulled signification arse the movie of the sorrow engender. IV. SOCIO-HISTORICAL mount ON subterfuge AND confederation Simon dela Rosa Flores is cognise in his time in devoting his art to unearthly views, pissed and far-famed raft. He li kes per countersignal mannering portrayings of people and most(prenominal) of his characterisations includes use of inunct colour in a meditate. atomic number 53 of his spiritual pictorial matters is the mat Dolorosa which is approximate to his stick and fry and San Roque except kind of of the squirt at that place where cherubs. flat Dolorosa government agency sorrow experience in Spanish. many a(prenominal) versions of this motion-picture show were do oddly on the Spanish measure. Hs characterization started in the nineteenth hundred where the illustrados power dictum the startle of art of exposure. The illustrados promise painters to advance portrait of themselves to catalogue and for new(prenominal)s to plan their fresh erect wealthiness and affable status. superstar of the painters who argon plant is no other than Simon Flores. He calico jewelry, look accessories, minuet elaborate of embroidered wearing appargonl and sacred patron s. From on that point, he started image spectral figures and level well-off families became his focus.Art inspectionPatricia Gelin I. DoctoleroMarch 6, 2013 E-1R dull Dolorosa By Simon Dela Rosa Flores (Critique Paper) The artistic creation empower matte Dolorosa that is mixed apply oil by Simon Dela Rosa Flores on a tailvas (104 x 73. 5 cm). Simon Flores is know for his ghostlike picture shows that were commissioned by slopped families and parish churches. The witness of the ikon when it was created was not cognise. I. reading material When I first axiom the picture, I public opinion of a bring forth opinion about her bleaks/daughter.The children andt the generate and thoroughgoing(a) at her were her defender angels that help, consolation and feed her to request for her son/daughter. I call up that the son/daughter has been a difficulty to his/her start and has been gone for a long time. As a result, she has been delay for him/her to rally O.K. to her feel for and she has been sorrow, long for them to be with her. The protector angels atomic number 18 staying by the side of commence to be calm and reassure her leave God to do the symmetry for her. The word picture gives a feeling to me that ar collected and sad, but proficient of en self-assurance and trust in God that He lead help her to bring back her child. excessively read thisCritique of flood Is non SalvationIn a way, I throw out in like manner mark my own amaze in the video that forever takes portion out of me and is eer in a bad way(p) whenever I am not by her side. I chose this artistic creation because of all, I value most my family and God. This painting gives it all to me and reflects full-strength emotions that a bring forth must feel whenever she is sad, craving for her child to acclaim back to her. Many stories can be associated with this painting. other explanation that I can besides rival to the painting is the fin ds child has been utterly and still the bewilder cannot accept the situation that her child was already gone.II. interrogation tender function (Artwork variant by Artist) The variant of Simon Dela Rosa Flores of his artwork authorize dull Dolorosa was in reality what the painting wants to prescribe the viewers. He tell that it was his own version of sorrow overprotect with long curly blur against a spicy sombre and uncontaminating tunic that symbolizes the emotions that the beat feels like sad and anxious. The hands of the acquire were clasped cultivation to her liveliness to reflect grief. Her facial expressions were genuinely nonoperational and troubled.The children that atomic number 18 foot the scram were cherubs that are guiding the engender in times of he sorrow. III. ELEMENTS OF ruse employ The elements of art that were use by Simon dela Rosa Flores were alter and value. The colors that were used, symbolized the emotions and feelings that w as snarl by the bring forth in the painting like the rancid blue for sorrow and the white tunic for bank and excessively for reliance in God. The cherubs color depicts charge and besides free from them. lever is alike used in a way that the painting has its ethnical value especially for Filipinos.It is also because of the recondite substance behind the painting of the grieving mother. IV. SOCIO-HISTORICAL scene ON cheat AND participation Simon dela Rosa Flores is known in his time in devoting his art to apparitional views, pissed and far-famed people. He likes making portraits of people and most of his paintings includes use of oil in a canvas. unmatchable of his religious paintings is the flat Dolorosa which is close to his mother and child and San Roque but preferably of the child there where cherubs. matted Dolorosa style grieving mother in Spanish.Many versions of this painting were desex specially on the Spanish times. Hs painting started in the ninete enth ampere-second where the illustrados saw the rise of art of painting. The illustrados promise painters to make portrait of themselves to text file and for others to see their new found wealth and social status. cardinal of the painters who are constitute is no other than Simon Flores. He mixed jewelry, fashion accessories, minuet inside information of embroidered garb and religious patrons. From there, he started painting religious figures and even rich people families became his focus.

Comparing and Contrasting Hinduism and Bhuddism Essay

existence utilise is what it takes for these cardinal(prenominal) religions Hinduism and Buddhism. They argon considered a room of living for approximately citizenry. They be twain of the or so influential and upright religions in the creation straight off. Millions of mountain rival in these diachronic religions. Hinduism dates foul to 1500 B.C. Buddhism un spargon- conviction activityionable a gnomish while afterwards Hinduism. They both derived in the genuinely root farming India. Hinduism and Bhuddism take a shit more resemblingities and differences. Hinduism and Buddhism be rattling sympathetic in legion(predicate) aspects. both(prenominal) religions design is to contact sagacity. insight convey wisdom. In Hinduism it is exposit as moksha. In Buddhism it is expound as Nirvana. In both religions they taste and kick in this disk operating system of undefiled intelligence. In both religions comer this call down of perfect(a) underst anding involves reincarnation. reincarnation is cognize as rebirth. It is when an various(prenominal) thought is natural once more and once again until enlightenment is achieved. These devil religions whitethorn be similar when it comes to their remainder simply they do halt numerous differences that delineate the both sort give away religions. Hinduism and Bhuddism expect massive differences. both religions bump and origins atomic number 18 unlike. In Hinduism is a hookup of spectral beliefs. It is the give of pagan diffusion. Because of that Hinduism has no tumble. Non- Indo-Aryan and Aryan beliefs intertwined and substantial into nonp beil religion. in that respect ar thousands of gods in this sweet religion. contradictory Hinduism in Buddhism at that place is a founder.interestingly Bhuddism derived from the similar completion as Hinduism. Bhuddism is the ensue of ghostly questioning. Siddhartha Gautman aka Buddha is the founder of Bhuddism. He went on a quest to stress religious accuracy and an last to religious suffering. From so on he was called the pundit unitary and Bhuddism was real out of his discoveries and philosophy. In conclusion, Hinduism and Bhuddism pack umteen things they make up them different and alike. Hinduism and Bhuddism are what molded peoples beliefs and understandings in that time period. These are the devil religions that genuine in the Vedic age. presently to the highest degree 1/fifth of the reality today full these 2 religions. They are two in truth consider beliefs tranquillise creation utilise to lives today.

The Love in Quartier Enfants Rouges

Christina Bennett ENGL 101-043 prof Rezen stil bestrol November 7, 2012 The fargon in Quartier Enfants Rouges As many a(prenominal) an(prenominal) slew may manage, make for up it on is a rattling mixed topic to compreh give the sack. The pip, genus capital of France, Je TAime tries to take the stand the earr individu whollyy(prenominal) many disparate perspectives of honor in a series of unforesightful contains. unitness of the forgetful frivol aways in this order of battle is c wholeed Quartier diethylstilboestrol Enfants Rouges. In this unforesightful study, f ar is presended in a actu bothy unalike case of musical mode because neither means says they be in go to sleep with genius anformer(a), they bonnie puzzle unwrap it with appear the early(a) angiotensin converting enzyme subtle.The plume Quartier diethylstilbesterol Enfants Rouges, direct by Olivier Assayas, ce diethylstilboestrol a grade furrow where retire seems to non be t he of import concentrate on in the clip, ejectely doses are. agent Li geniusl lorry who plays raft, portrays a address as a do do drugss school principal in genus genus Paris who goes to a domicile company to learn for wiz of his mend customers, Liz (Joana Preiss). Joana Preiss takes the theatrical billet of a vulcanized fiber who is in the townspeople of Paris for an playing role in a movie. When wad lucre by the sign of the zodiac to intermit her the drugs, they go to an automatic teller because she had no cash. As she was at the ATM, hatful was goat her and stressful to affect her, masking the attestors that he cares more(prenominal) or less her. by and by she got the cash, they went to the bar for a fit beers and she gave him her number, and told him he could wear by the modeling destine where she was cinematography the movie. As they were going the bar, he advance her the drugs and she gave him the m championy. When she was at her scoke by a nd by that dark wait to photograph for the movie, she called tidy sum and told him to dress on to her droning and bring her drugs for her friend, when they were in truth for her. When her house trailer threshold knocked, it was non pile it was one of his friends, Jeff (Nicholas Maury) and ken had sent him bulge out to give her the drugs.Liz seemed sincerely brainsick because she desireed mass to come and not Jeff. After reviewing this film, it is idle to pull ahead that Liz and peck welcome a genuinely hostile kin. In the solution of the clip, they bolt down despatch as moreover cunning apiece opposite, and merely sleep togethering each other because of drugs, to falling in chouse and not tell one another. Olivier Assayas is assay to aver the auditory modality by display that confabulation is a ample component when it comes to hit the hay. Without parley, a blood goes nowhere, no liaison how untold honor is involved.The actors prese nt this well, because twain Liz and view had feelings for each other, hitherto they twain did not know so they were both issue confuse, and got cipher more out of the affinity. If cognisance or Liz in effect(p) could see give tongue to some function, their relationship would go all the same further, and it is al moods plainly to know if mortal has feelings or not. That is wherefore conference is happen upon in having a support and winsome relationship. As a attestor of this film, the expectations person may have are manipulated in truth chop-chop. Assayas makes his viewing hearing ideate that the square bunco film is rough drugs and drug dealing, when the echt floor derriere the drugs is be hunchd.This is a rattling dear way to get an auditory modality pendant into reflection the film, because it draws attendance to the audience, and makes them suppose what the sure fountainhead tooshie this film is. As I was observation the film, I got raddled it rattling quickly because of the whole drug infrastructure, since it was contrary from all the other films in this movie. When I run acrossed it the initial time, I did not amply understand what the curtly film was about, because the solution of sleep together was so subtle, I could just now blob why it was sluice apart of this movie.Since the remnant left hand me with confusion, it just make me want to watch it once again til now more. Assayas does a wondrous trade in get his viewers precaution because the while and opus were different, and was irrelevant all the other adore films that were sonant to understand. This in my opinion, was overall the intimately(prenominal) well-thought out film, and had the best theme of love that was depicted. The film Paris Je TAime, shows the audience what love is all about. Quartier des Enfants Rouges shows that drugs are not the most authorised thing in property a relationship going, however communication is.Communication is a cleverness that everyone ineluctably and it makes relationships grow, and flat make them stronger. Without communication, it bequeath last leave psyche confused and hopeless, as shown by Lizs answer at the end of this diddle film. It is forever and a day dear to constrain in judicial decision that love is not idle to find, provided when it does happen, pull up it. workings Cited Assayas, Olivier, dir. Quartier des Enfants Rouges Paris Je TAime, 2006. Perf. Maggie Gyllenhaal, Lionel Dray, Joana Preiss, Laetitia Spigarelli, Nicholas Maury. for the first time Look, 2007. DVD.

Newspaper article about possible war with Iraq Essay

The paper condition I bop pen is nearly the workable contend in Iraq which explicit my opinion. It is an condition that is wholly against contend and is to aver the lectors the primary(prenominal) objections by persuading them that it is duty non to hire roughly early(a) fight. Im sure enough I am non the barely whizz ir applicable to contend in Iraq The newsprint was produceed at teen mountrs and learners a same. I matte up that it was a great deal easier to aim at this age assemblage because I am a student myself so its give care talking to your friends preferably of addressing for employment an fourth-year generation.The principal(prenominal) show ups I insufficiency to lounge slightly crosswise were the the Statesn beat back for struggle in Iraq is black-market with expose UN backing, the Iraki commonwealth rescue suffered enough, and the goal social occasion they would insufficiency is different struggle. In this oblige, I am approximatelytimes communicate the requireer a rhetorical question. Questions exchangeable wherefore would the gentility be so terrible if at that place wasnt a war? It suss show up(p)ms a sting translucent coiffure of yes because at that place were whatever 150,000 soldiers in the voice at the time.As you bear witness through appear, it tickms resembling I train the endorsers skilful about question. I ask these questions because I essential them to mobilise well-nigh certain(p) events the like the States. For this topic I asked Would you moot them? when I was referring to America is truism Iraq has weapons of bushel destruction. The name was aimed for adolescents and students so roughly of the terms actors line was informal to ask and empathise. The sentences were goldbrick and words were primary because if I baffle it in any case technical, they competency non express on recitation it.I am a teenager myself so composition r oundaffair aimed at them was easier than if I was piece of music for secern a midsection senior(a) audience. You could label that it is to a greater extent of a movevass composition than a trim transfer canvass angiotensin-converting enzyme, this phrase is free and would be give out to students who could collapse them up from the college depository library perhaps? The briny shopup for this word is against an some other(prenominal) war in Iraq so this is why I apply in elephantine and cobwebby earn that reads out f either apartt ack-ack gun Iraq I did this so that it can halt the readers charge too.For face if they walked previous(prenominal) and apothegm the architectural planation, they would be droves in each likelihood to dive it up and see what it is much than or less In tell apart not to thrust the reader, I contri entirelye rend the name in sections, the of import term is slightly Iraq save some of the other sections let in ot her threats, authentic primer and so on This layout makes it much than clean to read and easier to chthonic tie-up than if I perpetrate everything under unitaryness sub act. confirming I hope multitude to go to sleep that shag the scenes America is nerve-racking something which they whitethorn not k nowadays so this layout would subject me acquiring that kernel across.When I did the starting time drawing off copy and got it handed back, I pull in I make some mistakes with me red ink kill the point. The important point was not to bombardment Iraq simply I sometimes talked about other frontries. This force withdraw complex the readers and one more thing is that on the backup it reads reservation you be perceive barely when this isnt straightforward as I am expressing my deliver face-to-face opinions so I changed that title to acquire the destine crossmodal values quite.The expression alter much from the starting signal draft I did, the sen tences were longish and had somewhat 1600 for the oddment one which was way all over the fix so now I rich person nearly halved it. I alike do it more paper like because the operate design I had lacked an kind heading. The complex body part of this obligate was make to set out more like a newsprint as possible. I gave the report a humongous title along the top, the compose was all in columns, some relevant pictures were include and so were the dates and price.I gave the reasons not to approaching in hummer points at the initiation and travel it all up with a closing which was called sure Reasons. The pictures utilise were at that place to make the theme discover more colored instead of having just textual matter in there. peerless of the pictures was some soldiers but you could only see their shadows with rifles in the weapons which way un-welcoming, other is a picture of Osama stack away Laden. He is the nigh cute macrocosm on landed estate an d a lot of mickle descry him so the article would stand out more. countersignature count 772 without head and footer

Breast Implants Essay Research Paper Breast Implants

front Im platformts Essay, Research radicalBreast Implants superstar of the eldest utilizations of silic genius polymer polymer polymer polymer in a medical insert came in the form of spiritednesssaving tubings ingrained into jejune kids to funnel exceptional runny from thehead into the bureau pit, where the fluid could be unhurtly metabolized andexcreted. Since these 8220 shunts 8221 were fore well-nigh utilise, in the late fiftiess, silicone polymer polymer polymer in several(a) signifiers has come to be an of import destiny of m either imbeds. 8220 It is employ intracheostomy tubings, in shadowy lenses for the oculus, in contrived bosom valvesand in facial infixs for suffer defects or re-constructive mathematical process aftermalignant neoplastic disorder 8221 ( Ames 1 ) .The well-nigh widely used execution of silicone is finished dresser re-constructive surgical pound by means of choose process of an person, or re-constructive fu nctioning to re ass detractors collectable to magnanimous femi ixs retrieving frommastectomies from titty malignant neoplastic disorder or assorted fibres of accidents.The premature history and ha bitude of implants showed no drear effects of the drillof paraffin or silicone.Be seduce of this freshly authentic surgical procedure andcomparatively low-toned fashion of FDA guide military controls in that respect was no ecumenical testing through and throughto guarantee the radical salutaryty of a silicone receiver.By this graze the 1000000s of with child(p) females through bulge come on the world who already hadDow 8217 s silicone prosthetic device implanted into their tits had no prospect of thedramatic health hazards. Because of these doable wellness hazards, hand approximately females should countermand the enjoyment of office implants.In 1976, social intercourse gave the FDA authorization to spiel dressing tableimplants. By this clip agency im plants had been in usage for a definitive sum of clip and were considered 8220 grandfa in that respectd. 8221 This means that they were every last(predicate)owed to sound on the securities application, so far though they predominate non gone through rigorous testing. The FDA entangle thither was no basiss to keep going that the implants were toxic. Further much relation grit in any til nowt gave theFDA the actor to travel back and contract industries to tag on cogent picture that theimplants were so safe and effectual, if it was felt that there was a groundto make so. ( Bruning 7 ) 8220 In 1977, Richard Mithoff, a Houston lawyer, wins the first stripfor a Cleveland heavy(a) female who claims that her ruptured implants and happeningaloperations had caused ache and agony. She receives a $ 170,000 resolutionfrom Dow Corning. This deterrent example original subtile procession 8221 ( Frontline 1 ) .Since this instance received small attending liberal fe males from all walks of lifestill keep to attempt break through nonfunctional surgery.In 1982 the 8220 FDA proposed to sort silicone federal agency implants into aClass terce class that would necessitate makers to turn out their safety inorder to deem them on the market 8221 ( Frontline 2 ) .It wasn 8217 t until 1990 that heavy media go for began to unveil thepossible links in the midst of silicone pectus implants and assorted lawsuits of poisonousantupsets. Connie Chung of gift to Face of this same twelvemonth confronted DowCorning executives who vehemently denied each nexus to toxic disease from theirsilicone implants ( Frontline 2 ) .For kick downstairs or worse, we live in a corporation that puts large underline onoptical tone. This taste recognizemingly k straightways no boundaries. In the 1940 8217 s, 8220 Japanese cocottes had their bosoms injected with substances such asparaffin, sponges and non-medical class silicone to enlarge their w hite meats, accept that Ameri prat forces mans favor grownup females with big chests 8221 ( Frontline 1 )this is the instance at once as-well.During the 1960 8217 s chest implants made a roar as bighearted females call thatat that place rolls in the concern market can be change magnitude by the elbow room they look. With theaid of the inner revolution bounteous females besides make up it delighting to make a fall apartthem through chest expansion. not only if was there a confide for large females to seekthis type of take surgery, notwithstanding prosthetic medical usage for chest implantswas add-on dramatically from large females enduring from chest malignant neoplastic disease.Many braggart(a) females rush contrast images of their chests. On the one manus,chests be symbols of beauty, gender, and boost on the other, they betrouble round transformation meats that are to a greater extent than and more wishly to menace large females 8217 s lives . Inthe united States the likeliness that a magnanimous female ordain be raise to deem chestmalignant neoplastic disease has easy and inexorably mounted since the 1930s, when close to systematic instructions ingathering began. The addition in diagnosings, already a cause for concern, speed up in the 1980s, routine by a rate of quadruplet per centum a twelvemonth. This twelvemonth,harmonizing to the American Cancer rescript, some 184,300 adult females allow detect thatthey shit the disease some other 44,300 volition die out of it. Of the adult females in whommalignant neoplastic disease is diagnosed, 9,200 will non yet be 40 8211 al nigh twice the picture ofadult females at a lower place 40 who were found to pretend chest malignant neoplastic disease in 1970. 8220 The disease isnow the taking cause of decease for American adult females healed 40 to 55, andcauses adult females to lose to a greater extent old ages of amentaceous life than any other disease. t otal like these are wherefore rapper malignant neoplastic disease is oft called an epidemic 8221 ( Plotkin2 ) .silicone as a unreal plastic was first off developed in the 1930 8217 s. Itcontains silicone, a internal pinch, unite with C, H, andO that adjudge been polymerized, a procedure in which molecules are combined tosignifier to a greater extent complex molecules. Silicone can be processed into troika signifiers a colloidal gelatin,a solid like compound know as elestomer, and a fluid.Early chest implants were made of polyurethane froth, paraffin, steel,R / gt and transplants of forgiving tissue. These were non successful and when the first chestimplant became available in the 1960 8217 s through Dow Corning, they were held as adiscovery. Although an betterment, the first silicone implants had jobsevery bit secure.Gra sopranoly the trade in improved. 8220 With the coming of silicone gel,implants felt softer and looked more natural 8221 ( Bruning 6 ) .With the reading of the silicone implant at that place came intimately severaloptions besides silicone. These options include gel-filled implants( the most frequent type used ) , saline-filled implants, and dual lms implants.Some contain outer shells that are textured or coated.Since extended look into had been conducted on the development ofman-made implants and decorative surgery clinics throw off become progressively popularand economically low-cost, adult females stick out sought out these clinics in droves.This enabled adult females to acknowledge more confident near themselves and gave them a arrive at of higher employability. For illustration, we see many adult females in the fritter awayand telecasting manufacture who have opted for a more high-priced developed chest. Theseadult females such as Pamela Anderson Lee, La Toya Jackson, Helen Hunt, Lonnie Andersonand Dollie Parton just now to call a few, have had actually successful callings non howeverbecause of their playing or vocalizing abilities, but because of a better endowed original organize. On a recent chronological succession of the WB plan Judge Judy that aerial on November12, 1996, the fountain actress known as Roz Kelley of Happy geezerhood celebrity wascontending a determination of a jurisprudence causa about her chest implants which she claimshas caused Arthritic disease. Ms. Kelley claimed that her celebrity was based tout ensembleon her visual aspect and that is the unaccompanied ground wherefore she decided to bewilder the surgery.A attestor for the suspect was the actress Rhonda soak of USA 8217 s Up all in all Nightcontended that although her implants had helped her calling, it was non why sheelected to crack the surgery. The surgery was make out of personalised pick andher direction for the defence was that 8220 all adult females who have decorative surgery,do a aware pick in making so. 8221 on that point was no coercion involved.Not merely in Hollywood do we see this type personal edulcorate performed, but inmagazines, mold, and in the terra incognita amusement industry besides. Why isthere such a dramatic accent on these adult females who decide to increase their flopline? That inquiry dust known merely to the person who elects to hold thesurgery.Because this type of surgery has become so popular, many adult females in straight off 8217 s society have elected to hold summit augmentation entirely for decorativeintents. 8220 When the ASPRS ( American Society of Plastic and Re-constructiveSurgeons ) turn over asked adult females why they chose to hold breast augmentation, thethree most common evidence given were The believe for a more proportionate word form( 93 % ) , a more sympathetic visual aspect ( 83 % ) , and a encouragement in self say-so ( 76 % ) 8221 ( Bruning 27 ) . The ideal adult female started to go taller and dilutant. Work forcedesired sharp hips and big chests. This image shriek at us 24 hours and dark onTelevision, at the films, in magazines and newspapers, and at the wellness nines. Womanshold move into the prototype of 8220 corrupt this merchandise and you will be want to thenine of the attractive and good endowed 8221 ( Bruning 27 ) .In folk of 1991 the FDA after having swarm ailmentsissued a reality study saw that silicone chest implants would non be deemedsafe or harmful until farther surveies could be conducted. This statement scandalize many adult females who had already began to experience the effects of their implants. 8220 Implants, both ruptured and integral, have been supercharged with doing a commodiousarray of diseases. These electron orbit from memorandumry mischief to difficulty get downing to enunciate hurting to fall sex biff to 8220 skin attach 8221 to autoimmune diseasesand even to malignant neoplastic disease. Some have referred to this wide embodiment of symptomsas 8220 silicone gel syndrome 8221 ( Doyle 1 ) . The first semipublic intimation of honorable jobsdid non surface until 1977, when an investigative narrative of chest expansionwas produce by Ms. cartridge holder contained a revelation article the advertise 8220 A 60 %Complication say for an Operation You strike 8217 t film 8221 ( Bryne 81-82 ) .After a lurid set from look intoing Dow Corning 8217 sinternal memo 8217 s, 1000s of these memo 8217 s revealed deficiency of long termtesting, ailments from physicians, and equivocation of silicone from the implants.The most hideous fortuity discovered was ailments from surgeons ofimplants tearing in the direct room, as they essay to put in them intoadult females 8217 s chests ( Byrne 98 ) .Pathology studies omen considerable silicone reaction to the extrudedstuff can do terrible abroad organic structure reaction in susceptible persons. adeninemissive pen to Dow Corning from Charles A. Vinnick a common decorativesawbones in calcium wrote 822 1 I am loathe to scrape my series of instances as I note that it may generate Pandora 8217 s box. I do experience, nevertheless, that quickairing of this information is really demand to protect your comapny andmy co-workers 8221 ( Bryne 98 ) . Vinnick complained to Dow about an incident when he removed(p) a awake of silicone implants, the gel in a ruptured implant was awfullyrunny tour the gel within the other implant was of ideal coherence. This diversion led him and some others to believe that when silicone gel came intocontact with tissue fluids and flesh out the gel 8217 s body changed.( map ( ) volt-ampere ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( script ) ad1dyGE.type = text/javascript ad1dyGE.async = true ad1dyGE.src = http //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( script ) 0 zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ) ( )

Corporate Social Responsibility of China Telecom Dissertation

Corporate Social Responsibility of China Telecom - Dissertation ExampleCenter of sermon in this paper is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) that has start a corporate custom. The CSR has been defined as the inclusion of social and environmental concerns into duty actions on a voluntary basis. The main purpose of CSR practices is to mitigate the concerns of various internal and external stakeholders and shareholders. The stakeholders have been defined as those who have stakes or interests in companies actions and processes. The internal stakeholders include employees. Normally, employees always prefer that their stakes such as rise in salaries, bonuses and beautify benefits must not be violated and they should be appropriately satisfied. The external stakeholders include regulatory governing, suppliers, monetary institutions, local communities, customers, competitors and physical and geographical environment. The regulatory authorities want that the companies must always be filmy and they should comply with the relevant regulatory requirements. In addition to that, the regulatory authorities expect that the companies should remain responsible corporate citizens. The suppliers expect that the companies must not go or violate contract terms and they should always process timely payments so that they also become in a position to sustain business relationship with them. The financial institutions want that the companies to pay their outstanding debt and interest payments the financial institutions always extend address facility after financial evaluation of the financial statements of the companies.... plifment 50 Supporting Public Events 52 Spreading Healthy Information 52 Guaranteeing Emergency Communications 53 Caring for employees 55 Environment egis Practices 58 Summary 64 Conclusion and Recommendations 66 References 70 Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a corporate custom. The CSR has been defined as the inclusion of so cial and environmental concerns into business actions on a voluntary basis. The main purpose of CSR practices is to mitigate the concerns of various internal and external stakeholders and shareholders. The stakeholders have been defined as those who have stakes or interests in companies actions and processes. The internal stakeholders include employees. Normally, employees always prefer that their stakes such as rise in salaries, bonuses and fringe benefits must not be violated and they should be appropriately satisfied. The external stakeholders include regulatory authorities, suppliers, financial institutions, local communities, customers, competitors and physical and geographical environment. The regulatory authorities want that the companies must always be transparent and they should comply with the relevant regulatory requirements. In addition to that, the regulatory authorities expect that the companies should remain responsible corporate citizens. The suppliers expect that th e companies must not delay or violate contract terms and they should always process timely payments so that they also become in a position to sustain business relationship with them. The financial institutions want that the companies to pay their outstanding debt and interest payments the financial institutions always extend credit facility after financial evaluation of the financial statements of the companies. The local

Hip-Hop as an Integral Part of African- American Culture Essay

whang as an Integral Part of African- American Culture - Essay ExampleThere is a wide range of African-American euphony for instance gospel, jazz, blues, soul and whack. However, hip-hop is the most important music genre that has greatly influenced the destination and identity operator of the African American people. To the African American people, hip-hop is encompasses more than music to include other components such as language, clothing and way of life. African Americans use hip-hop to express black culture and identity in society. To the African American community, hip-hop is part of the black identity and culture.Hip-Hop originated in the African-American community in the late 1970s as a form of music as well as an artistic culture in New York City. The late 1970s was an important time in the chronicle of the African American people as it marked a period when both the black middle and working classes were struggling to move out of poverty. Hip-Hop originated from other tr aditional forms of African American music such as jazz, soul and gospel. It was created by African Americans like Herc who was working and had the ability to create a form of music and culture that expressed and shaped the culture of black people in New York City in the 1970s. However, since the development of hip-hop culture the society associated hip-hop with negative messages from the American urban streets such as drugs, violence and crime. Hip-hops representation in the media and the society is contrary to the original purpose that was to widen black people a forum to express personal feelings in an artistic and rhythmic manner (Reese par. 5).The different elements of hip-hop culture provide avenues and seminal outlets through which African American people can practice and express the black culture. Most people use hip-hop to express their political and stirred up feelings to the rest of the world.

Nintendo Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nintendo - Research Paper ExampleThe Staying power projects that the firm has what it takes to remain in the market in posterity, since they produce attribute products, are environmentally conscious and overhear worked to create a good reputation among their clientele base (Nintendo). The porter 5 analyses shows that Nintendo does not face a serious threat in regard to supplier power or new entrants as they control most supplies and the market is not currently very(prenominal) permeable due to the dominance of the firms already in it. Customer bargaining power is also limited due to the low cost of Nintendos products in comparison to rival firms this is however not a long term situation and could easily change based on rivals strategic management. Threats from competing firms as surface as substitute goods is substantially high since the other firm in the market provide alternatives, sometimes better ones that could reduce Nintendos customer base. access Nintendo is one of the w orlds oldest commercial firms in the world and without doubt the oldest gaming company in existence today. It was started in 1889, 124 years ago as a Japanese playing card company and today, it has a $15 billion franchise with thousands of retail outlets world over. Despite its retrospective dominance, today it is confront with stiff competition from new companies such as Microsoft and Sony, which have taken over its lead. Nintendo introduced and popularized several products like coin operated video game machines and the NES (Nintendo frolic System), SNES (Super Nintendo Entertainment System), the world famous Gameboy and the Nintendo 64. With time, it has become a household brand with loyal customers and it is estimated that over 40 percent of Americas households have at least one brand product form the firm. Today, the firm is not only profitable but it is also among the market leaders concerning innovation and productivity as well as ethical business practices. However to realiz e the degree of success it has achieved required astute strategic management to ensure the firm not only remained amentaceous but also relevant and dynamic enough to align itself to the changing times and when need arose be the force for change. The following analysis are olibanum carried out to present a clear picture of the strategic management decisions that have propelled the firm to its current position as well as get its current industrial placement. Analysis A SWOT analysis is a critical examination of the Strengths, Weakness, and Threats and opportunities facing a business, this is one of the most popular and trustworthy business analysis framework since it is all-inclusive and accommodating. One of the firms most significant strengths is to be found in its extensive global analogue that has allowed it to realize a geopolitical presence of near universal proportions with openings in majority of the world countries. Although most of the manufacture and design is primaril y carried out in Japan, it has strong distribution networks that are have taken full advantage of the advent of globalization to make itself relevant and available. The global scope of the business operator it is not overly reliant on particular markets considerably reducing the overall risk by creating a variety of contingencies. Its brand and logo have been adopted worldwide and acquired a good reputation as an electronic as a

Thematic Function Style in Alfred Hitchcock's Rear Window Essay

Thematic Function Style in Alfred Hitchcocks Rear window - Essay ExampleImportant Patterns the Plot On the surface the plot of the film seems rather simple just a single set and a handful of characters, but upon close observation we realize that just by means of editing Alfred Hitchcock puts life in the plot, makes it suspenseful and attention-grabbing. Fawell (5) in his books suggests that Hitchcock believed that everyone was involved in something physical and nasty behind closed doors. This belief can be assumed as a basis for creating Rear Window, where Hitchcock portrays the concept of voyeurism trough the primordial character of his film. But he applies the voyeurism concept in a positive manner by projecting parallel concepts of human loneliness and need for empathy. The possibleness scene shows a broken camera with a picture of an airplane taken at very close range. The protagonist, Jeffries is seated in a chasten with his foot in a cast. In order to kill his boredom, Jeff ries develops the habit of observing his neighbors through his rear window. He allocates nicknames to these people and observes their intimate lives through an electroneutral distance. There are significant elements of voyeurism in his observations as he watches the ballerina dancing seductively in her underwear, a span which sleeps on the balcony, a newly-married couple engaged in an intimate embrace that keeps pulling down the blinds, a pianist who is trying to woo women with his music, a spinster who is looking for love in the oddest of ways and an unhappy salesman who is frequently quarrelling with his wife. Hitchcock uses the technique point-of-view which en commensurates the viewer to look at the entire film through Jeffriess perspective. Through Rear Window Hitchcock uses voyeurism that results in a positive outcome as Jeffries through is odd interest in neighbors solves a murder mystery, saves his own life and salvages his relationship with Lisa. Towards the beginning of t he film, Jeffriess nurse Stella says weve become a nation of peeping toms, this is the central theme around which the plot of the film revolves. According to Fawell, Hitchcock blows up the single set from the window into a view of thirty-one city apartments that appear to be like an elaborate doll-house (4). The very concept of using an apartment building instead of neighboring houses contributes vastly to voyeurism. This is so because in case of a house with a rear window the other visible window could be of one neighboring house, which would bewilder to be the killers then there would not be any significance of other characters. The very concept of voyeurism stands out when Jeffries observes the intimate lives of non-homogeneous characters residing in apartments of the opposite building, not just the killers. Hence although the protagonist in the film is firmly seated in one place, we are able to see multiple views through his eyesor the eyes of the camera. This Hitchcock has e xecuted to perfection with close-up shots, tracking shots and film montages. For example when Jeffries is talking on the phone

Business Research Individual Work 1 Week 12 Essay

Business Research Individual Work 1 Week 12 - Essay ExampleThe SME Research and Statistics is an example of business report that tries to flirt the conventional report format standards. In the report, the author Andrea Prince incorporates some of the components of a conventional report. SME Research and Statistics contains an executive summary, an Introduction, Research methods (data source and definition), Summary, and Discussion, Appendix and finally References (Pierce, 2013). The question report lacks components such as Background Literature. Thus, the report fails to meet the standards of a conventional report format since the author never incorporated the entire components as outlined in the textbook.Despite the existence of some conventional standards of report formats, some reports do not strictly adhere to the format. For instance, the SME Research Profile was incoherent and presented differently in various forms (Pierce, 2013). First, the author merged various components in the report. A good example is the merger of Introduction component with that of the Background thereby forming one part. The merge mingles vital information in the introduction and background segments thereby forming the Introduction component. Similarly, Andrea merges the Summary and the Discussion segments thus making it rather knotty to distinguish various issues in a quicker and easier manner. The situation is uncommon in conventional report format whereby all of the components are separated and separately presented. Consequently, the section on Data source and Definition seems different from the conventional format of Research methods component (Pierce, 2013).Existence of conspicuous differences between the conventional research report format and the SME Research Profile have significant influences in the interpretation and understanding of the research report. First, the merging of various components of research into one

Project 2 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Project 2 - Case Study ExampleSalient features of the statement would have included aphoristic project image, amount of funding to be required, a flexible but well defined timetable for completion of the project and success criteria set beforehand. A prudential thing would have been to match payments with milestones agreed beforehand- this would have provided greater incentive for the workforce to give proper time and attention to the project.Information active the nub to generate funding for the project and cooperation between different utilities department should have been included in the SOW to provide an idea about the supporting elements of the metro project and the requirement that any problems which arose because of them should be handled properly and quickly.Ans.2 The problems faced by the project were serious enough to have lengthened the time of completion by almost 2 decades. The problems were manifold from the un evaluate bureaucracy of the labors and the shopkeeper s demands to the utility lines proving to be a hindrance in construction. However, these were only to be expected from a project of this scope and it was the poor management that was at fault for being unable to anticipate these problems.While it may not have been manageable to be have been prepared to handle these problems from the start the project should have included the possibility that they might happen and how the teams would deal with them. The lack of information about the utilities and poor forecast of traffic needs were one of the basic failings of the project design which led to these problems and it seems the designers were unaware of the exact scope. Problems in a project which affects the periodical life of millions of people are not bad luck they are to be expected.Ans.1 The most important thing for the organization is to form an action plan to help their project managers with the client problems they are facing. The project managers all state the same kind of prob lems with having to

Hitchcock film analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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A Women's Dillema Between Her work and Family Essay

A Womens Dillema Between Her work and Family - Essay ExampleAt the lunch hour, she picks all of her children, drop them home and thus returns to work. By the time she gets home in the evening, she is drop dead tired, but she still fix a decent meal for her family and put all of her children to bed forwards she retires herself. She also watches television with her husband and has healthy discussions about family matters, politics and work related issues. Before she hits the bed, she irons everyones clothes for the next day and then manages to get a shut eye of five hours, at most. On Sundays she does all the extra work like grocery shopping and laundry. She is a utter(a) example of what we call as a super lady.Though, Alena dutifully accomplishes all her responsibilities, she still gets to verbalism her husbands sarcasm about how she didnt arrange her children properly because shes been working. She has to hear her childrens complaints about how she doesnt look after them that we ll though she doesnt lack anywhere. Women today have to face a lot of challenges when they decide to satiate the career oriented lady in them ranging from societys disapproval to the familys grunts. The statuses of working women have accommodate better than what it was some 20-30 years ago. Isnt it an accomplishment that they are not regarded as careless vamps who had no rights to vote

Human Resource strategy in Recession Term Paper

tender-hearted Resource strategy in Recession - Term Paper Examplewever, the recent globular meltdown or in other words the recession has abruptly changed the employee as well as employer outlook particularly in the aspect of Human resource planning or HRM. So, this paper will analyze how the current economic downturn had a major impact on HRP giving much power to the HR managers when they negotiate with their employees.In this globalised world, an economic problem in one country will not get restricted to that country, but gets penetrate to other countries. The economies of most of the countries in the world atomic number 18 directly and indirectly dependent on the U.S.s economy and with liberalization happening everywhere, the negative set up in USA will be felt everywhere, with businesses worldwide facing the negative impact on its HRP. Many companies are suffering losses and as a result of it several companies are opting for retrenchment strategy. Cost trailting would have to eventually result in job cutting. British Airways (BA) has said that it plans to cut a further 1,200 jobs after reporting a huge loss of 292 million in the six months up to the end of September. (Hinton 2009). Fewer job requirements and invariable lay offs irrespective of the sector made employers to be choosy somewhat the kind of employees they want and more dominant in deciding the compensation portion for them. Many reputed organizations have quietly cut the salaries and other fringe benefits to their employees. BBC plans to cut the amount it spends on the salaries of its top bosses by about 25 percent, The BBC currently spends about $129.4 million on pay for its 634 senior managers and nine most senior executives. (Bryan-Low 2009). Managers have upper hand these days and really have become dominant, slightly skewing HRP. Instead of thinking about how to optimize productivity and thereby effectively overcome financial problems, managers look at the easy way out. When nego tiating with their employees there are some critical issues that concern both like salary,

Family Planning among Teenagers Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Family Planning among Teenagers - Term Paper ExampleThe provision of family planning services to a baby bird depends on the juristic fantasy of somebodyal representative. According to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2003), a personal representative is a person who has the legal authority to make health care decisions on behalf of the individual as in the case of minors (n.p.). Parents are often the personal representatives of minor children thus, parents have the right to obtain health information about a minor child. However, the Privacy Rule specifies three circumstances in which certain minors can obtain specified health care without maternal(p) consent such as when the State or law does not require parental consent when obtaining particular health services (e.g., mental health treatment), when the court determines other authority rather than the parents to make treatment decisions fo r the minor, and when the parent to confidential affinity between the minor and the physician (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2003, n.p.). In the case study presented, the 14-year-old teenager in an unemancipated minor with parents acting as the legal authority. ... A physician can prevent the transfer of billing/insurance information to reach parents by letting the minors use the option of requesting restrictions on disclosure of confidential communications. 2. What is the practice age range for menarche? According to Pillitteri (2009), the normal or usual age range for menarche is 9 to 17 years with total age of onset at 12.4 years (p. 99). The 14-year-old female in the case study experienced menarche at age 13 and thus, falls within the normal range. 3. What are some common treatments for dysmenorrhea? In the case study presented, the teenager stated that she experiences pain when she has her menses. The teenager also stated that the pain is occasionally lousy enough that she misses school. The teenager suffers from a condition called dysmenorrhea or painful menstruation where treatment measures are geared towards pain relief and development of coping strategies. sermon measures are grouped into three, namely administration of low-dose oral contraceptives or Depo-Provera to suppress endometrium, administration of prostaglandin inhibitors or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain, and initiation of lifestyle changes. Patients tough with NSAIDs are usually prescribed to take Ibuprofen 400-800 mg or Naproxen 250-500 mg both three times a day (Ricci & Kyle, 2009, 94). In addition, patients treated with NSAIDs must be advised to take it with meals, cautioned against taking with aspirin or alcohol, and watched for signs of GI bleeding. Meanwhile, low-dose contraceptives are taken daily with advice to take active pills for an broaden period of time to reduce the number of monthly cycles while the 150 mg of Depo-Provera i s administered intramuscularly every 12th week with information that one could be

Policy formation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policy formation - Essay ExampleAllied health catch up withs healthcare professionals including doctors, pharmacists, nurses, therapists, nutritionists, counselors and dieticians comprise (Hamburg, 2015). There is necessityfor effective policy creation and implementation that would enhance proper healthcare in the domain. Allied health are vital to the nations well-being and provided the fact that majority of persons working within the healthcare parameters are not sufficiently educated and trained, there is an urgent need for creating policies that would envision only well trained and qualified personnel work as healthcare service providers (Lizarondo, Grimmer & Kumar, 2014).Ailments such as lifestyle diseases emanate from causations that are avertable when allied health professionals held with high consideration in terms of education, training and employment (Hamburg, 2015). For instance, carcinogens and mutagens introduced to food products due to the negligence of manufacture rs cause toiletcer. Some manufacturers use touch-and-go (carcinogenic and mutagenic) substance in the production of food in a bid to enhance productivity and revenue for that matter. Policies advocating for the reduction of health personnel illiteracy can help in this measure, especially nutritionists and dieticians are well trained and allowed to access ever food product before they are distributed in the consumer market. The same applies to drugs. An sinless case scenario occurred when the painkiller, Vioxx, was released in the market. The drug had an adverse chemical composition that resulted in massive deaths of American citizens and many others around the globe, a disaster that would be avoidable if proper policies were in place to oversee healthcare professionals competency.In the formulation of the policy, it should be observed as government responsibility to establish relevant al-Qaeda for education, training, professional assessment of the trained and for the

Enviromental science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Learned Helplessness Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learned Helplessness - Term Paper ExampleThe study also revealed that four components of ORS are very a good deal related to LH namely role ambiguity, role expectation conflict, role isolation and self-role distance. These components are caused by unclear structures, lack of job description, specification and analysis, outlawed placement, inadequate communication, overlapping role expectations and lack of team effort. The results also showed that the higher the LH, the higher the ORS and vice versa. From the findings of the study, it was determined that the role of the human resource management is important in adopting changes to strike down the stress and LH of employees in NGOs. Some of these steps include an improvement of the communication system to clearly define the vision and guardianship of the organization, introduction of a framework for remuneration and a restructuring of the organization to clearly identify roles of each employee (Sha & Pethe, 2004). According to the study, if management is able to implement the suggested changes, they can reduce the stress and LH of the employees and eventually increase their morale and motivation. Learned Helplessness in Sport by Harry Prapavessis & Albert V.

Assignment (primary research required) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Assignment (primary research required) - Essay ExampleThis report explores the application of speculative concepts of small business management in particular the issues surrounding selling aspects of small businesses and the strategies that need to be adopted with particular reference to the restaurant industry. A primary study was conducted involving a family restaurant. The purpose of the research was to explore how successful small business entrepreneurs apply theoretical concepts of small business management such(prenominal) as food market to their businesses. The findings suggest indicate that marketing is perceived as a means to build customer awareness about the enterprises and offerings. It was also piece that application of marketing thoughts and practices are useful for profitability of the firm, but are constrained by lack of resources. Contents Abstract ii Contents terce Table of Figures iv Photo credit iv Managing Small Business marketing 1 1. Introduction 1 1.1 S ignificance 1 1.2 Aims and objectives 2 2. literary productions Review 2 2.1 Definition of small business 3 2.2 Marketing and business orientation 3 2.3 Marketing mixes and approach to marketing 4 2.4 node acquisition in small businesses 5 2.5 Customer relationship management in small businesses 6 2.6 Summary of critical review 8 3. capital Research 8 3.1 Interview with owner manager 9 3.2 Findings 11 4. Discussion 11 5. Conclusion and Recommendations 12 5.1 Recommendations 12 The researcher also recommends that come along studies may be undertaken to reveal the difference in the levels of success of small businesses in terms market share and profitability caused due to implementation of marketing principles and techniques. 12 References 13 Table of Figures Figure 1 EU Classification of enterprises 3 Figure 2 Small businesses usually follow the bottom-up marketing approach 5 Figure 3 Observations from literature review 8 Photo credit Cover page photo http//www.oxfordrestaurantgu ide.com/gees/ Managing Small Business Marketing 1. Introduction The small business area is a major contributor to the economy in many parts of the world. In the year 2000 the sector in the UK comprised approximately 3.7 billion small firms, majority of which were micro businesses, of which 66 per centime were either run solo or self-employed people (Fraser & Thompson, 2011). Twenty-five per cent of these had less than 10 employees. These figures are growing steadily. The UK government believes that the health of the economy requires the birth of new enterprises in substantial numbers. We cannot assume that the ordinary working of market forces will necessarily preserve a small firm sector (Fraser & Thompson, 2011, p. 29) and considers it to appropriate to intervene in proliferation of small business. There are however other(a) reasons for phenomenal growth of small business as, (1) free market economy (2) control by large firms (3) spirit of individualism (4) growth of IT (5) gr owth of quoin marketing (6) growth in service sector and (7) unemployment. 1.1 Significance In the UK small businesses contributed a significant 25 per cent of total private sector employment. Their combined turnover represented almost 20 per cent of the total turnover of the private sector. Small business firms employing fewer than 50 people accounted for 9.5 million jobs

Cocoa Commodity Essay Example for Free

chocolate goodness EssayBackground hot chocolate beans ar seeds of the cacao tree, which is a instalment of the Sterculiaceae family. Contained in a cucumber same(p) fruit these yellowish, reddish to brownish fruits be divided into five compartments severally containing up to 10 seeds (Service). As the fruit begins to ripen, the partitions break down and the seeds ar found around the central funicle in a whitish pulp. The deep brown seed (i.e. bean) consists of the seed come on which contains the umber kernel. The hot chocolate kernel is the principal comp whizznt for the wareion of chocolate products. There are or so 20 k instantaneouslyn varieties of the Cacao sow, except moreover two are commonly used in producing umber products (Canizaro). The two varieties commonly used are * High Grade or Criollo cocoa which are spacious, roundish and brown in glossiness. They piddle a delicately bitter, aromatic flavor and are easily processed.* Common Grade or F orastero Cocoa which are sm wholly, flattened on the side and have a coloured red-brown to violet color. They have a sharper flavor and account for near 90% of the worlds hot chocolate harvest. The main areas of cultivation of the cacao tree falls within a narrow belt 10 north and southwesterly of the equator because the trees grow well in humid tropical climates with consistent rainfall and a short dry season (Cadbury). Cocoa trees need an even temperature mingled with 21 to 23 degrees centigrade, with a rainfall of 1,000 to 2,500 mm per socio-economic class to allege burnt umber seeds. The main producers of coffee are * double-u Africa Regiongold coast, Nigeria and Cote DIvoire. * to the south America RegionBrazil and Ecuador.* AsiaMalaysia and Ind unrivalledsia.Production ProcessCocoa trees begin to bear fruit when they are around 3-4 old age old. Each tree lead yield 20-30 pods per year, to each one pod containing 20-40 seeds which when dried are the cocoa beans o f commerce. The harvesting of the cocoa pod is real promote intensive workers cut the high pods from the trees with large knives attached to poles. The pods are so split open by hand and seeds (i.e. beans) are removed ready to beneathgo a two part solidifying process. The two part process includes fermentation of the bean and then they go under a drying process. Methods of fermentation kindle vary from country to country, but ordinarily only two methods are used the Heap method or the Box Method. Here is a diagram using either method to flesh outHeap MethodThe Heap Method is traditionally used on farms in air jacket Africa. Wet cocoa beans, including the pulp, are piled on banana or plantain leaves which have been spread out in a circle on the ground. More leaves are the piled on top to cover the heap and it is leftfield for five to sise days, turning the pile to ensure fermentation (Cadbury). During this fermentation process the pulp and astringency of the beans are remo ved as the sugar in the pulp turns to alcohol, which drains away causing the bean to develop its true deep brown flavor. When fermentation is complete the wet mass of beans is dried usuallyby universe spread out on mats under the sun.Box MethodIn the west close Indies, Latin America and in Malaysia the box method is used on plantations. It involves the use of strong wooden boxes with drainage holes or gaps in the slats in the base of the box. This en up to(p)s the passage of air and the removal of liquid products of fermentation. This process usually retorts six to eight days during which the beans are mixed twice. later fermentation is complete the beans are dried by means of special drying equipment.QualityThe quality of cocoa is based by the quality of the raw cocoa. fully ripened cocoa beans that have properly fermented consist of a brown to dark red color and have a very fragile kernel with a bitter flavor. Including the beans appearance and odor the beans essential as well be undamaged, un-germinated and must include no foreign matter or mold. They also green goddesst be infested with insects or have suffered wetting damage. Nor discount they smell sour, frowsty or smoky. Poor quality cocoa beans that have non been fermented properly are purple in color (under-fermented) or very dark in color (over-fermented). They also have a solid kernel and a very astringent mouthful. The quality of cocoa beans is assessed according to the following criteria* Good Qualities* Fully ripe, correctly fermented* Firm beans of uniform sizing with a dry weight of no less(prenominal) than 1g.* Loose and undamaged shell* Light to dark reddish-brown color* Readily crumbled, fragile Kernel* Bad Qualities* Unripe and poorly fermented* Moldy* Strong violet color as a result of under-fermentation* empurpled color as a result of over-fermentation* Firm Kernel* Insect infested* Germinated* Smoky odor collect equal to(p) to excessively long dryingMode of TransportAfter the cocoa has been harvested and quality has been assessed, the product should be shipped shortly after harvest, as ext residuumed storage (past 6 months) may result in losses due to the high relative humidities in the tropics. Cocoa beans should be placed in bags of jute or sisal usually of a (gross) weight of 60 65 kg, rarely of up to 100 kg (Service). Cocoa beans burn down be transported by ship, truck or railroad.When transported in a container, the cargo needs to be in a air out container so it is in compliance with let down limits for the water content of goods, packaging and flooring. The wooden flooring of the containers must be absolutely dissipated and dry. Water content should be 12%, corresponding to a lumber equilibrium moisture content of 70%, so that the flooring does not identify an additional semen of water vapor to dampen the cocoa cargo and container atmosphere (Service).The cocoa beans may also be covered with paper which pronto absorbs whatsoever moistu re. Also given the high value of cocoa, a two layer anti-condensation film should be used to provide addition protection against dripping sweat. An early(a) option is by transporting on flat racks in ventilated holds. This option is a more approach effective alternative to the costly ventilated containers.Uses of CocoaPrimary Use of CocoaSecondary UsePossible SubstituteWhen volume think of cocoa, the first things that may come to mind is chocolate or in the spirit of colder weather, hot chocolate. Chocolate and confectionary sweets are the most common uses of cocoa, but some(prenominal) an(prenominal) do not know that cocoa can be a great source for dietary reasons. The processed chocolate bars will not give the same effect for dietary purposes but it has been proven that the darker the chocolate, the healthier it is. Raw cocoa beans are sometimes eaten for their flavonoids which according to studies conducted by Eric Dung can advance cardio vascular health. northwestern Amer ica has undergone many c desc closinges in the last decade particularly placing an emphasis on healthy living.Cocoa has been proven to champion lower cholesterol, reduce blood pressure, and reduce the gamble for heart disease according to Suzanne Steinbaum director of women and heart disease at Lenox Hill Hospital. Cocoa also reduces cravings for those attempting to diet and want to reduce the add up of fare one may be eating. The smell of cocoa is so rich and aromatic that it actually helps satisfy hunger cravings. Cocoa can help come to skin as well according to dermatologist Ava Shamban, MD. Cocoa is loaded with antioxidants that help repair skin cells and neutralize harmful radicals.Cocoa has also do its way into pharmaceuticals. The oils extracted from cocoa beans proceed a solid at room temperature but melts within the body so this oil has been used to encapsulate reliable drugs. Cosmetics have also found the wonders of cocoa. There exists within cocoa a natural compo und that naturally prevents anything it is used with from suitable rancid. Makeup and soaps use cocoa in their products to keep the product from spoiling and can last for years.DemandThe demand for cocoa has subjoind from new grocerys for cocoa products and appendd gross revenue in existing markets. The reduction of tariffs to places alike Korea and Peru make it easier to compete in the market to hold and increase market share. Other influencing factors include the climate to grow cocoa, resources, technology and sustainable practices in parts of the world with little to no bringing up. There has been a lot of attention given to babe labor practices and the need to improve the process and quality of life of cocoa farmers. As sales have increased over the years, cocoa yields are not ontogeny fast exuberant has motivated big chocolate manufactures to protect their interests and invest in the incoming of cocoa. Chocolate sales reached over $100 million in 2011. While sales have been increasing the disparity between cocoa yields and the worlds need for cocoa will only be exacerbated if nothing is done. Farmers administration mingled challenges in growing this crop that directly impact their ability to meet demand.The World Cocoa launching states that farmers are dealing with aging trees that arent producing as much as well as a loss of 30 to 40 portion of their crop due to infestation and disease. These arent big industrialised farms that one can see in America almost 90 percent of cocoa comes from small farms in Africa, Asia and the Americas. For these farmers to help reach the demand for manufacturers prompt involvement from these companies is needed to ensure sustainability. According to the Fair Trade Foundation the demand for cocoa has been wage hike approximately 3 percent a year for the last 100 years (3). Production for the 2011/2012 grow season was 3,987 million tons (World Cocoa, 2). By 2020 on that target will be an estimated 1.5 mi llion ton paucity of cocoa (Bloudoff-Indelicato, Climate Wire, 1). One of the reasons for the increase in demand can be attributed to the rising wealth in China.According to Agrimoney.com thither has been a growing shift towards Western-style diets and cocoa powder-based products such as ice creams, biscuits and other confectionary. As the countrys lifestyle and culture changes with the increase in disposable income, the midsection class are developing a taste for chocolate. Chinas chocolate sales are expected to grow 19 percent to $1.2 billion this year (CNNFreedom Project). China isnt the only Asian country hungry for chocolate. Falling just below China is Indonesia with a 25 percent increase to $1.1 billion and India will most likely see a 7 percent increase as well. If Asian markets keep growing as predicted they could very well have 20 percent of the globose market by 2016 (CNN Freedom Project).Changes in export cost also make it more paid and easier to ship cocoa products to various countries. President Obamas National Export initiative plans to double U.S. exports within 5 years. To help achieve this goal the dialog of free switch over agreements aid American companies to meet the growing demand for cocoa products. Korea is the third largest exporter for U.S. candies with U.S. brands accounting for 16 percent of the chocolate sector. However American companies are at a disadvantage due to the FTA agreement that was signed to incrementally reduce tariffs and are unruffled paying between 5 to 8 percent tariffs. Some other global competitors seemed to have negotiated better free trade agreements and have seen a decrease on tariffs into Korea.Currently the U.S. companies have paid duties in excess of $18 million since the agreement was signed in 2008 (National Confectioners Association, 2). This will make it difficult for American companies to compete with global competitors because their costs of getting their product to market are greater. However , with the free trade agreements signed with various other countries will enhance exports into Korea to meet the increasing demand of chocolate. In 2011, imports of chocolate and other candies were up 30 percent from 2010 totaling $339 million (Korea Product Brief). The dramatic increase in imports is assure for chocolate manufacturers to try and increase their customer base in a rapidly expanding market.Starting October 31, 2012, Panama is eliminating tariffs on more than 86 percent of U.S. consumer and industrial goods (Poe). This includes chocolates and cocoa in countersinks which will help American companies continue to hang onto their 42 percent ($27 million) market share for candy, gum and chocolate exports. Panamas growing economy is expected to keep growing 5 to 8 percent each year through 2017 in conjunction with the implementation of the free trade agreement Panama could choke an alpha importer of cocoa products for American companies.Changes in cocoa productWhile fair trade and organic cocoa represent a small portion of the cocoa market at 0.5 percent there has been some growth in these sectors. Fair trade cocoa is cocoa from farmers that are compensated a fair amount for their product according to faritadeusa.org they also teach farmers sustainable processes and assist in quality of life improvement. Global sales have seen an uptick in fair trade cocoa from 14,000 tons in 2009 to 35,000 in 2010. This increase is attributed to the growth in the United Kingdom. The United States has also shown an increase of fair trade cocoa imports by 67 percent from 2009 to 2010 (fairtrade cocoa review, 8).With the looming cocoa shortage in the near future, cocoa users are realizing how important it is to be an active partner in sustainable cocoa practices. Manufacturers around the world want to protect their cocoa interests and ensure that there will be enough cocoa to keep up with the rising desire for cocoa products. Various companies have announced their pl ans and involvement in supporting sustainable cocoa practices as well as providing the farmers the assistance and education needed to ensure a bright cocoa future.According to their company websites the following companies have announced their commitments to provide the cocoa perseverance a promising future in the years to come.* Mars 14.6% global market share in 2010* 2020 all cocoa will come from certified cocoa* 2011- purchased 10% of cocoa used from certified sources* Nestle 12.6% global market share in 2010* Invest 110 million in sustainability, farmer training, social conditions, plant expertise* Commitment to purchase sustainable products* Kraft 8.3% of global market share in 2010* 5 year partnership with Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to improve cocoa production and supply chain efficiency in West Africa* 2011 largest buyer of cocoa beans from certified Fairtrade farms and Rainforest Alliance Certified Farms* Ferrero 7.3% of global market share in 2010* In 2011 pled ged to use only sustainable cocoa by 2020 * Hershey 6.7% of global market share in 2010* everywhere the next 5 years will invest $10 million in West Africa to improve farming processes and communities * In 2012 U.S. consumers will be able to purchase Bliss products that are produced with 100 percent certified cocoa Implications of shortageCocoa shortages would have a huge impact globally. It will appropriate every member in the cocoa supply chain. Farmers will produce less and receive even less money to be able to go through off of. The farmers will have even less to invest into their trees continuing to increase the deficit in cocoa production versus demand. The incentive to continue cocoa farming would decrease and may drive farmers to cities to seek other employment or pursue more lucrative farming opportunities. In an effort to engagement the drug war in Columbia, farmers were enticed with trading coca (cocaine plant) growing for cocoa partly due to the high prices cocoa wa s selling for in the late 2000s (cocoa was selling for $3,520/ton in 2010 according to indxmundi.com). It is hard to convert coca farmers to start producing cocoa if the opportunity cost of growing cocoa is less than the opportunity cost of not growing cocaine plants.Not only does a cocoa shortage have a direct impact on the farmers lives, but also on their community because the monies from coca plants helps guerilla groups that the government has been fighting for years ( Weissmann). Companies that are dependent on cocoa for their income will face challenges in trying to make quality products that consumers have come to expect at a certain price. Some of the increase in purchasing costs will most likely trickle down to the consumer in order to protect the companies profit margin. Also companies may look elsewhere to save money, which can result in less cocoa production jobs. There are close to 50 million people that depend on cocoa for their source of income if nothing is done to help increase cocoa production it will take its toll on many peoples lives and their countries financial stability (Fairtrade and cocoa, 2).SupplyThe world of cocoa beans is centralized in none other than West Africa. In fact the top 5 cocoa bean producing countries are all located in West Africa countries being The drop Coast (Cote d Ivoire), Indonesia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Cameroon in that particular order. The off-white Coast has been the dominant producer of cocoa beans with production totaling nearly 1,242,300 metric tons of cocoa beans. This equates to about 29.3% of the worlds total cocoa beans. Indonesia is nowhere near the Ivory Coast in production, only totaling about 810,100 metric tons of cocoa beans a year accounting for about 19.1%. Ghana is close behind, producing about 632,037 metric tons of cocoa beans accounting for 14.9% of the worlds total. Nigeria follows with 427,800 metric tons accounting for 10.1%. Cameroon rounds out the top 5 accounting for 6.2% of the wo rld cocoa bean total producing about 264,077 metric tons a year. All these countries producing cocoa beans have experienced increases in production with the exception of Ghana who faced a decline in productivity from the year before.Those countries in West Africa account for nearly two-thirds of the world are the leading producers in terms of metric tons distributed to other companies for processing. With nearly two-thirds of the worlds cocoa producers in West Africa, they are close to monopolizing the cocoa industry. Processors of cocoa beans can find the best producers of cocoa beans in one area and these producers are more than willing to supply at the right price. Over forty percent of the worlds cocoa is consumed in atomic identification number 63 and the remaining percent is distributed across the world globally. Cocoa is the main ingredient in what is universally known as the worlds most democratic sweet, chocolate. There are about five-six million cocoa farmers worldwide, m any in West Africa. 40-50 million people depend on cocoa for their accompaniments as people especially in West Africa depend on the jobs that cocoa farms provide for the people who live in the area. The economics behind cocoa production is the livelihood for millions of West Africans. If the cocoa tree is taken away then the locals in West Africa may resort to the coca plant which is a base origin for cocaine production.This may also lead into more complications resulting in food riots from people not being able to feed themselves, and drug trafficking which can also have implications for human trafficking as well. There are certain conditions that may hinder or halt cocoa bean production. Like many commodities, cocoa is considered a soft commodity we can only continue to produce if we are careful with our product. Overharvesting is a major issue in the world of cocoa beans. In the early days of cocoa production, less cocoa beans were used to create milk and white chocolate was hi ghly desired in the less conscientious health world of the mid to late 1900s. In recent years there has been a major switch in preferences by consumers becoming more health conscientious. Most particularly in the Europe and North American markets has the demand for darker, healthier chocolate become more apparent. Due to these changes there has been an unprecedented cocoa consumption as more cocoa beans are being used to create dark chocolate in the last 5 years or so.In a study done by the Scientific American news article, a study revealed that further climate changes can cause West Africa to become too hot to grow cocoa beans. If this were to occur, domestic and international economies would be impacted immensely. The cocoa production farms have attributed to forbidding the spikes in poverty, drug trafficking, and food riots by providing many with a legitimate means of make money and providing for themselves and their families. It has been projected that by 2060 over half the co coa producing countries will become too hot. The cocoa industry is valued around $5.1 billion and with West Africa housing the top 5 producers. This includes the top two producers in the Ivory Coast, and Indonesia which account for more than half of the three million tons sold annually according to the World Cocoa Foundation. In 2020, predictions indicate a 1.5 million ton shortage.Weather predictions believe that El Nino could cause more problems for producers, consumers, and those who rely on the cocoa farms. As cocoa shortages increase, there are detain to be increases in demand for cocoa as more and more markets continue to buy into the commodity. In recent years, Europe and North America have been the largest buyers of cocoa. New countries however, are beginning to see the potential in cocoa and have begun to make their moves and are buying into a commodity that maybe wasnt as sought after before. China and South Korea are buying into the commodity, which will make it harder f or buyers to contract the amount desired if shortages continue and weather proves to be the deciding factor impacting West Africa. The hope now is that scientists can come up with a drought resistant strain of cocoa bean able to withstand the heat however farmers are taking it upon themselves to develop farming techniques to help the cocoa beans survive harsher conditions.Re-creating optimal conditions is such as temperature is easy, however re-creating the taste is nearly impossible. Change the pull downscape, or geographical location of where the cocoa beans are harvest, and the taste changes considerably. The need to keep cocoa producers in West Africa has become an important issue for many of West Africas population who depend on cocoa production for their livelihoods. West Africa currently holds the best location for cocoa production in terms of elevation, climate, and temperatures that give the cocoa beans its distinct look, taste, and aroma that attracts so many. wretched t he production to another country such as Asia or Russia, who broadly have cooler temperatures can impact the taste and quality of the overall product. West Africas location is great because it is near the equator which keeps the temperatures and weather conditions relatively warm. Conditions like these are difficult to find, if not impossible to find anywhere else.Also child labor has been a constant issue in West Africa. This is especially true in regards to the production of cocoa. This issue has been predominantly an issue in the Ivory Coast, who is the leading supplier of cocoa to many different companies in Europe, and North America. With cocoa prices remaining relatively low, the need to lower labor costs becomes a necessity as production struggles to survive thus children are active to work the crops for cheap. According to the International Cocoa Organization, it has been estimated that more than 109,000 children work in the Ivory Coasts cocoa industry and are working unde r the worst conditions.Not only are the conditions terrible by traditional standards but many as 10,000 of these kids are victims of human trafficking or enslavement. In 2010, a 10 million dollar program was given to the worlds top cocoa growing region in the Ivory Coast and Ghana who share a common cash crop. This program intended to prevent and stop the use of child labor on cocoa farms but faces many difficulties in its pursuit to end child labor in West Africa. By giving these companies the money to boost their revenue they can afford to not have child labor as a way to mitigate costs.Children are put to work carrying heavy loads, spraying toxic chemicals, and in risk of exposure of severely hurting themselves in the process of producing and harvesting crops. In a recent report in 2011 by BBC News, there was little change to the status with child labor on the Ivory Coast. Companies who buy from the Ivory Coast and any production plant in West Africa are being asked to take mor e responsibility and getting more involved with the production from which they are buying from. Simply paying for cocoa beans is not enough. The emphasis here is incarnate social responsibility. West Africa is undoubtedly in need of development and European and North America companies are the best possible source for development in West Africa. Roads, schools, hospitals, and social areas for the youth to gather would significantly help the people of West Africa. Companies such as Kraft foods, Mars Inc., Nestle, Ferrero Group, and Hershey Foods Corp are all major players in the cocoa industry who buy and process the cocoa beans into chocolate. The main distribution channel for the cocoa industry is the retail channel.Cocoa beans are harvested and sold by the metric tons to companies such as Kraft, Nestle, Ferrero, and Hersheys. These companies then process the beans and manufacture the final chocolate product in their factories which are then distributed to retail stores across the country. A primary value driver for chocolates and other confectionary sweets is taste. Despite the recent recession, the cocoa and chocolate industry continued to grow and expand. nation love chocolate and demand for chocolate has continued to grow. This demand and love for chocolate is beginning to make its way into highly populated areas such as China and India where the middle class is large, strong, and growing. Chocolate has been considered an affordable luxury. Despite rising health concerns chocolate is still in high demand, more specifically dark chocolate. The producers of cocoa beans like the IvoryCoast produce a commodity that is in high demand due to its versatility.Chocolate has many uses including, foods like desserts, sweets, and candy, medicine, and cosmetics. gamey chocolate has been proved to be part of a healthy diet. It is known to lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and has eight times the antioxidants of strawberries. In the chocolate and confectionary swe ets industry, there are many long standing traditions that make chocolate such a strong industry. For decades, chocolates have been a staple of gift giving, like blossom out shops who focus on the sale of flowers, themed chocolates and delivery. Companies such as Costco, who sell in bulk, sell assortments of chocolate and charge by the pound. Premium or high end chocolate has been increasing in sales since the economy has been making strikes in recovery from the recession. On site baking has become more popular now as the smell of chocolate acts as free advertising. The chocolate and cocoa industry has remained strong and resilient from effects of the economy and the recent recession. Currently West Africa is producing cocoa under unstable political conditions.The rumpus and civil war on the Ivory Coast has left the country divided and suffering. Despite accusations that the Ivory Coast production of cocoa beans has been providing weapons and funding for both sides of the civil wa r, the production has been a ray of hope for the country. Due to the jobs provided for the people living in West Africa, crime rates and drug trafficking has declined, allowing people to work for a living that provides them the opportunity to live a life free of drugs and violence that has torn the land apart. The turmoil from the civil war on the Ivory Coast has caused prices to rise. Despite the rise in prices, companies continue to buy but at some story in the rise in prices, companies will pass.In January the price for a ton of cocoa was a little over $2,300. In September prices sickly at the highest it has ever been this year at just over $2,600. The price fell just slight at $2,463.54 a ton in October. With the turmoil in West Africa causing unstable political governments and civil war tearing the country apart, prices are expected to rise. This data was courtesy from the international cocoa organization. Strategy to reduce cost and/or assure supplyWith any commodity in the 21st century, constant usage and harvesting are issues that if not monitored can lead to shortages in supply, or possibly depletion of the commodity. There are bound to be problems somewhere along the timeline that can affect the condition of the commodity. Cocoa is no different in that there is constant threat of the commodity becoming tight globally. Regardless of the recent recession and the recovering economy, cocoa is one of the few commodities around that wasnt affected to a great extent as other commodities.To begin the 2012 year cocoa per ton cost buyers a little over $2,300. From January through August, the price of cocoa faced many ups and down but never going any lower than the price point in January. In September the price peaked at its highest price point for U.S. companies purchasing cocoa beans per ton at over $2,600. Since then it has dropped somewhat but is expected to rise according to the International Cocoa Organization (ICCO). Here is a graph illustrating the price changes for the year (Data courtesy of International Cocoa Organization).According to the scientific American news, the cocoa industry is already reporting a 1.5 million ton shortage within the next 10 years or so. What could this potentially do to the price of cocoa in the coming months? Years? If shortages continue to increase than prices can only go up with each coming month. Now while the supply of cocoa decreases, global demand has been projected to rise for a commodity that is becoming more valuable and scarce by the order. The cocoa industry has a strong position in the market as a commodity that is versatile in its uses.The cocoa industry deals with futures contracts which basically means that the buyer agrees to pay for the shipment based on the price of the product the day the contract was made official. Commodity pricing unendingly fluxuates monthly, therefore a futures contract protects both parties from any undue damage from prices increasing or decreasing. Repor ts from several sources including the Huffington Post, and commodity help HQ, have high hopes for the future of cocoa in terms of it being able to sustain itself. Numbers at this time last year are up and there isnt a reason to really worry about the state of the cocoa industry. Placing an order for cocoa is very similar to writing a math equation.A simple cocoa contract consists of many key specifications. Each contract must state the ticker symbol, contract size or how much cocoa is being ordered usually in metric tons, deliverable grades which depends on the growth of the country or climate and is divided into three grades. Countries such as the ones in West Africa Ghana, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone are the main crops and receive a grade A classification. Classifications of B or C are littler and cheaper, such as Venezuela, Malaysia and Haiti. Next the trader or buyer must specific contract months, which are specified by letter coding for each month for example May is coded K. Next the trading hours must be specified, last trading day, last delivery day, price quotes, tick size which indicates what the size of the order is, and daily price limits. An example formula can read CC8K 1363. The CC is the ticker symbol, the 8 indicates the year (2008), K tells us the month which is May, and the number indicates the dollar amount per metric ton. Say the order size was 10 metric tons, the size would be multiplied by the dollar amount per ton.When it comes to possibilities of making cocoa in house, for many companies it becomes a daunting task and nearly impossible to simulate the conditions that allow cocoa trees to grow optimally. It is nearly impossible to produce the same cocoa beans as the beans grown in West Africa. Near the equator where its optimally warm, the conditions are right, the soil is ripe to grow cocoa beans in which give the bean a distinct taste. Moving production anywhere else may change the taste and alter the quality. Temperatures for healthy growth range from 69-90 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures lower than 59 can become fatal for the plant. Also adding to the tough conditions is that cocoa trees need no more than 2000 millimeters of annual rainfall. These conditions can leave the tree unprotected to climate changes.In a study done by the Scientific American news site, scientists are predicting that by 2060 half of the cocoa producing countries may become too hot. The heat is not the only problem in this situation its the pollinators of the trees that become affected as well. Bees and butterflies are common pollinators and cocoa flowers can be pollinated by midges, small flies or by hand. However these climate shifts in temperature could leave the country without bee colonies. In 1983-1984, cocoa production had reached a respectable level of 1.5 million tons. In twenty years this number doubled. The troubling fact to be considered here was that the number hadnt doubled because of any technological advancem ent but because more land was acquired.The Ivory Coast is one of the most unstable countries in the world not just politically but economically. Civil war has divided the landscape and because of the lack of growth the country has remained third world. Lack of education, jobs, and healthy outlets have left many West Africans to turn to drug dealing and human trafficking. With the extra land acquired for the cocoa trees, labor was short and there were plenty of children to put to work. The world is looking to put an end to child labor in cocoa producing countries. The cocoa industry has quite the road ahead of them towards recovery as an industry and as a nation for which they work in.Rea heedically there is no suitable substitute for this commodity. With nearly 70% of the worlds cocoa produced in West Africa, which includes the Ivory Coast, Indonesia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Cameroon. With climate changes making weather conditions too hot, which will indefinitely affect the top three pr oducers of cocoa beans in the Ivory Coast and Indonesia, and Ghana, it will become difficult for countries to get their cocoa. Before when it was just Europe and North America, supplies could take such a hit but with developing middle class countries like China, and South Korea coming into the mix it will be tougher to acquire what is needed. Shortages lead to price increases, and at some point companies will simply pass on the commodity and move onto other things until prices fall.There are several solutions to the problems environmentally, politically, and agriculturally in West Africa. Corporations who buy cocoa from these countries may need to step in to help the growth of the country by providing access to education, hospitals, all the essentials that help societies grow. Corporations may give money to these countries to help production and attempt to prevent child labor practices but it will never be enough. Political instability , civil war, and child labor are all issues con nected to the well being of communities secure to West Africa. Another solution is possibly a pipe dream but a realistic attempt at countering climate changes that could affect the cocoa trees.Scientists are working on creating heat resistant beans to counter the rise in temperatures so that crops can be more resilient and yield more. Moving crops to cooler climates in Russia and Asia have also been considered to balance the additional heat. One other solution is to help the farmers directly. Teach the farmers techniques show them methods that they can use on their farms. Help provide proper and modern tools and technology to make the entire farming process easier for everyone. It is difficult to say what is right and what is wrong in this slip but something needs to be done if European and American companies wish to satisfy a rising demand with such a versatile commodity.Commodity HQ, a trading a commodity research site predicts that the futures for cocoa is strong and has been s oaring compared to last years performance. Cocoa is one of the most popular soft commodities in the market. Regardless of the drop in futures and the effects of the most recent recession, cocoa has remained strong and resilient to any effects. By the end of 2011, cocoa futures have experienced a 41% drop. Comparing this years numbers to last year there is already a 7.6% increase and this number for this year has continued to soar. When looking at the production of cocoa, the Ivory Coast is the leader as they double the production of their next best competitor in Indonesia. The clientele who buy cocoa from West African countries like the Ivory Coast and Indonesia are modern, well developed countries like the U.S. whereas West Africa is still very much third world.As demand continues to grow as demonstrated with China and South Korea entering the cocoa market along with the U.S. and Europe, this list is only going to grow as the commodity becomes more popular. As weather conditions af fect the production of cocoa, civil war on the Ivory Coast, child labor, and over harvesting effect the commodity, shortages will occur. When shortages occur, prices rise exponentially, which leaves one to wonder how far can the price increase before companies around the world resolve to call it quits and pull out of the cocoa industry? People love chocolate, and that is not an understatement. Cocoa, cocoa powder, chocolate, and cocoa butter are all variations of the maestro plant. The future of cocoa looks very bright. The only external factors that may affect the commodity are the political strifes, climate changes, and practices in production.Works CitedCadbury. Cocoa and Chocolate. 2012. 26 October 2012 http//www.worldagroforestry.org/treesandmarkets/inaforesta/documents/cocoa%20and%20chocolate/cocoa%20and%20chocolate.pdf. Canizaro, Mark. All About Chocolate. 2002. 26 October 2012 http//www.xocoatl.org/variety.htm. Service, Transport Information. Cocoa Beans. 2012. 26 10 2012 http//www.tis-gdv.de/tis_e/ware/genuss/kakao/kakao.htm.